Swami Vivekananda (12 January 1863– 4 July 1902 ), born Narendra Nath
Datta, was an Indian Hindu monk . He was a key figure in the introduction of
Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the western world and was credited
with raising interfaith awareness , bringing Hinduism to the status of a major world
religion in the late 19th century. He was a major force in the revival of Hinduism
in India and contributed to the notion of nationalism in colonial India . He was the
chief disciple of the 19th century saintRamakrishna and the founder of
the Ramakrishna Math and the Ramakrishna Mission . He is perhaps best known
for his inspiring speech beginning with " Sisters and Brothers of America, " through
which he introduced Hinduism at the Parliament of the World 's
Religions in Chicago in 1893 .
Born into an aristocratic Bengali Kayastha family of Calcutta , Swami Vivekananda
showed an inclination towards spirituality andGod realisation. His guru,
Ramakrishna, taught him Advaita Vedanta (non - dualism); that all religions are
true and that service to man was the most effective worship of God. After the
death of his guru, Vivekananda became a wandering monk , extensively touring
the Indian subcontinent and acquiring first -hand knowledge of conditions in India .
He later travelled to the United States and represented India as a delegate in the
1893 Parliament of World Religions. He conducted hundreds of public and private
lectures and classes , disseminating tenets of Hindu philosophy in America,
England and Europe . He established the Vedanta societies in America and
England .
In America Vivekananda became India 's spiritual ambassador . His mission there
was the interpretation of India 's spiritual culture and heritage. He also tried to
enrich the religious consciousness of Americans through the teachings of the
Vedanta philosophy. In India Vivekananda is regarded as a patriotic saint of
modern India and his birthday is celebrated as National Youth Day .
In Swami Vivekananda's own words, he was " condensed India " . William James,
the Harvard philosopher , called Vivekananda the " paragon of
Vedantists". Rabindranath Tagore 's suggestion ( to Nobel Laureate Romain
Rolland) was– "If you want to know India, study Vivekananda. In him everything is
positive and nothing negative.
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